Ghostly noise science project, school science project

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Fill a wineglass to overflowing with dried peas, pour in water up to the brim, and place the glass on a metal lid. The pea heap becomes slowly higher and then a clatter of falling peas begins, which goes on for hours. This is again an osmotic process. Water penetrates into the pea cells through the skin and dissolves the nutrients in them. The pressure thus formed makes the peas swell. In the same way the water necessary for life penetrates the walls of all plant cells, stretching them. If the plant obtains no more water, its cells become flabby and it wilts.

Rising sap science project, school science project

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Make a deep hole in a carrot and fill it with water in which you have dissolved plenty of sugar. Close the opening firmly with a bored cork, and push a plastic straw through the hole. Mop up any overflowing sugar solution, and seal the joints with melted candle wax. Put the carrot into water and watch: after sometime the sugar solution rises into the straw. The water particles can enter the carrot through the cell walls, but the larger sugar particles cannot come out. The sugar solution becomes diluted and rises up the tube. This experiment on osmosis illustrates how plants absorb water from the soil and carry it upwards.

Secret path science project, school science project

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Dissolve a teaspoonful of salt in a glass of water and cover it tightly with parchment paper. Place the glass upside down in a dish containing water strongly coloured with vegetable dye. Although the parchment paper has no visible holes; the water in the glass is soon evenly coloured. The tiny particles of water and dye pass through the invisible pores in the parchment paper. We call such an exchange of liquids through a permeable membrane, osmosis. ‘All living cells are surrounded by such a membrane, and absorb water and dissolved substances in

this way.

Automatic watering, school science project

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Fill a bottle with water and place it upside down and half-buried in soil in a flower box. An air bubble rises up in the bottle from time to time, showing that the plants are using the water. The water reservoir is enough for several days, depending on the number of plants and the weather. Water only flows from the bottle until the soil round it is soaked. It starts to flow again only when the plants have drawn so much water from the soil that it becomes dry, and air can enter the bottle. One notices that plants can take water more easily from loose soil than from hard.

The sun brings life, school science project

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Fill a large glass jar with fresh water and place in it several shoots of water weed.

Place the jar in sunlight, and at once small gas bubbles will rise in the water. Invert a funnel over the plants and over it a water-filled glass tube. The gas, which is given off by the plants slowly, fills the tube. Plants use sunlight. With its help, in the presence of chlorophyll, they make their building material, starch, from water and carbon dioxide, and give off oxygen. Oxygen has actually collected in the

glass tube. If you remove the tube and hold a glowing splint in it, the splint will burn brightly.

Plants Maze, school science project

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Plant a sprouting potato in moist soil in a pot. Place it in the corner of a shoebox and cut a hole in the oppositeside. Inside stick two partitions, so that a small gap is

left. Close the box and place it in a window. After a couple of days the shoot has found its way through the dark maze to the light. Plants have light-sensitive cells, which guide the direction of growth. Even the minimum amount of light entering the box causes the shoot to bend. It looks quite white, because the important green

colouring material, chlorophyll, necessary for healthy growth, cannot be formed in the dark.

Watch as a compass, school science project

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Hold a watch horizontally, with the hour hand pointingdirectly to the sun. If you halve the distance between the hour hand and the 12 with a match, the end of the matchpoints directly to the south. In 24 hours the sun ‘moves’, because of the earth’s rotation, once around the earth. But the hour hand of the watch goes

Sun clock, school science project

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 Place a flowerpot with a long stick fixed into the hole at thebottom in a spot, which is sunny, all day. The stick’s shadowmoves along the rim of the pot as the sun moves. Each hourby the clock mark the position of the shadow on the pot. If the sun is shining, you can read off the time. Because of therotation of the earth the sun apparently passes over us in asemi-circle. In the morning and evening its shadow strikes thepot superficially, while; it midday, around 12 o’clock, the light incidence is greatest. The shadow can be seen particularlyclearly on the sloping wall of the pot.

SOLAR WATER HEATER, School Science Project

SOLAR WATER HEATER

PROJECT

You will construct a water heater with a collector and storage tank.

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Collector

1.       Z 10-inch (25-centimeter) square piece of galvanized

sheet metal (the thinnest available)

2.       Z 20-inch (51-centimeter) square piece of cardboard

3.       Z Flat black spray paint

4.       Z 10-inch (25-centimeter) square piece of insulation

(Styrofoam, corrugated cardboard, newspaper, or

batting) at least 3 inches (8 centimeters) thick

5.       Z 3-foot (1-meter) soft copper tubing, 3/8-inch to

1/2-inch diameter

6.       Z 16-inch (40-centimeter) square sheet of 3- or 4-mil

clear plastic

7.       Z Knife or box cutter

8.       Z Cellophane or masking tape

9.       Z Tubing bender (or have the copper tubing bent at

the hardware store)

Water Heater

1.       Z 1- or 2-pound coffee can with plastic lid

2.       Z 2 2-inch (5-centimeter) pieces of soft copper tubing,

3/8-inch to 1/2-inch diameter (must be same

diameter as the copper tubing used in collector)

3.       Z Thermometer

4.       Z Cardboard box, slightly larger than coffee can

5.       Z Insulation material (Styrofoam, corrugated

cardboard, newspaper, or batting)

6.       Z 100- to 200-watt soldering iron and acid-flux solder

RESOURCES

The copper and plastic tubing, tubing bender, box cutter, galvanized sheet metal, and plastic

PROCESS

Setting Up the Experiment

TO MAKE THE COLLECTOR

1.        Bend the copper tubing carefully into an S-shape using

  a tubing bender to avoid kinks.

2. Lay the copper tubing onto the galvanized sheet metal and solder it in place.

3. Spray the plate and tubing with the flat-black paint.

4.     Draw lines on the cardboard.

5.   Cut on the solid lines, and fold on the  dotted lines.

6.   Cut slots and holes in the cardboard to insert the collector (sheet metal with tubing).

7.        Fold and tape the cardboard to make a box.

8.        Put the insulation in the bottom of the box.

9.        Slide the collector into the box along the slots, and tape the

  slots tightly closed.

10.    Place the clear plastic sheet over the top and fold and tape it

Add caption

  down to make a tight but removable cover.

TO MAKE THE WATER HEATER

1.        Punch two holes on opposite sides of the coffee can. One hole must be   1 inch (2.5       centimeters) from the

top of the can and the other, 1 inch from the bottom of the can.

2.      Insert the copper tubing in both holes and solder the joints. The joints must be watertight.

3.      Cut holes in a cardboard box that will align with the

tubes in the can.

4.      Put the can inside the cardboard box, with the tubes

sticking out the holes in the box.

5.      Put insulation around the coffee can.

6.      Cut the plastic tubing into two pieces, one slightly larger

 than the other

WHAT DID YOU SEE?

What happened to the water level in the can when you first hooked up the system?

How hot did the water get in 20 minutes? In an hour?

Would the solar water heater work if the storage container was placed lower than the collector?

Will the solar water heater work in reverse on a cold night?

Can you detect the water flow in the system using chalk dust or food coloring in the water?

What was the highest temperature you recorded?

HOW SOLAR WATER HEATERS WORK

Solar water heaters use the sun to heat water in collectors mounted on the roof of a house. One type of solar

water heater is called a thermostatic system. As water in the collector heats, it becomes lighter and rises into the

tank above. Meanwhile, cooler water in the tank sinks down pipes to the bottom of the collector, causing

circulation throughout the system. This is known as thermosiphoning. The storage tank must be above the

collector for the thermosiphoning to work

Doing the Experiment

1.        Make a chart to record the following data:

  Water temperature before:

Add caption

  Water temperature after     20 minutes: Water temperature after 1 hour:

2.        Hook the collector and water heater together.

3.        Disconnect the plastic  tubing from the inlet.

4.        Run water through the tubes and the collector until all

the air is gone.

5.        Reconnect the tubing to the inlet, and fill

the coffee can with water to above the level

of the inlet.

6.        Measure and record the water temperature and replace the lid.

7.        Face the collector directly into the sun, placing the bottom of the

heater above the top of the collector.

8.        Measure and record the water temperature after 20 minutes.

9.        Measure and record the data every 20 minutes.